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ISCApad Archive  »  2015  »  ISCApad #204  »  Events  »  Other Events  »  (2015-05-21) Seminaires du GIPSA Grenoble France

ISCApad #204

Tuesday, June 16, 2015 by Chris Wellekens

3-3-55 (2015-05-21) Seminaires du GIPSA Grenoble France
  

Jeudi 21 Mai 2015

13h30-14h30  Salle B314 du Département Parole et Cognition (Bâtiment ENSE3, 11 rue des mathématiques, Saint Martin d?Hères)

 

Pr. David Ostry

Motor Control Laboratory, McGill university / Haskins Laboratory

Sensory Systems and Speech Motor Learning

 

Abstract
Sensory systems and sensory plasticity play a central role in human motor learning. In this presentation I will talk about sensory systems in the context of speech motor learning. I will show the involvement of the somatosensory system and I will describe recent work showing that there are individual differences in sensory preference (auditory versus somatosensory) in speech motor learning. I will also describe recent electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies showing that speech motor learning changes the neural response to auditory and somatosensory inputs and changes functional connectivity in both motor and sensory networks in the brain.

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Jeudi 28 Mai 2015

13h30-14h30  Salle B314 du Département Parole et Cognition (Bâtiment ENSE3, 11 rue des mathématiques, Saint Martin d?Hères)

 

Matthieu Lavandier

 
Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ? Université de Lyon

Intelligibilité de la parole dans les salles bruyantes : démasquage spatial, réverbération, modulations d?enveloppe et hauteur tonale.

Abstract
La perception de la parole dans le bruit est facilitée par le fait que nous ayons deux oreilles. Ces deux oreilles nous permettent de bénéficier de démasquage spatial : une source de bruit masque moins une source de parole si ces deux sources sont à des positions différentes. Ce mécanisme est malheureusement moins efficace en présence de réverbération, l?ensemble des réflexions sonores dans la salle environnante. Si la source de « bruit » est une voix concurrente à séparer de la voix cible que l?auditeur cherche à comprendre, d?autres indices acoustiques peuvent être utilisés par le système auditif. Les modulations d?enveloppe de la source concurrente pourront être exploitées pour mieux comprendre la cible, la réverbération intervenant à nouveau sur ce mécanisme. Une différence de hauteur tonale entre les voix à séparer peut également être utilisée par l?auditeur. Ces différents mécanismes perceptifs mis en jeu lors de l?écoute de parole dans des salles bruyantes seront décrits au travers de la présentation d?un modèle prédictif de l?intelligibilité qui sera systématiquement confronté à des données expérimentales. Ce type de modèle constitue un outil intéressant pour étudier la réception de la parole dans les situations dites de cocktail-party. Il pourrait s?avérer également utile pour étudier la production de la parole dans ces situations.
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Jeudi 4 Juin 2015

13h30-14h30  Salle B314 du Département Parole et Cognition (Bâtiment ENSE3, 11 rue des mathématiques, Saint Martin d?Hères)

 

Malinda Carpenter

School of Psychology and Neuroscience, university of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany    

Beyond imperatives and declaratives: The complexity of infants? pointing and iconic gestures
 

Abstract

In this talk I will present an overview of our work on infants? comprehension and production of pointing and iconic gestures, in support of a rich view of early communication.  For example, I will present studies that rule out lower-level explanations of early declarative and imperative pointing, and show that in both their comprehension and production of pointing infants take into account the experiences (common ground) they have shared with the particular person they are communicating with.  In addition, I will present both observational and experimental work showing that infants? pointing serves a wide variety of different functions beyond imperatives and declaratives (including reference to absent objects), and that infants produce creative iconic gestures perhaps earlier than previously thought.  Taken together, this work demonstrates the complexity, flexibility, and richness of infants? early communication, even preverbally.

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Jeudi 11 Juin 2015

13h30-14h30  Salle B314 du Département Parole et Cognition (Bâtiment ENSE3, 11 rue des mathématiques, Saint Martin d?Hères)

 

Christian Herbst

Voice Research Lab, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký university Olomouc, Czech Republic
Laboratory of Bioacustis, Department of Cognititive Biology, university Vienna
 

Elephant on the bench. Ex-vivo investigation of mammalian sound production

Abstract

Excised larynx preparations allow studying the biophysics of mammalian sound production under controlled laboratory conditions. Research done in the past decades focused mainly on humans, but recently the approach has been extended to investigating nonhuman mammals. In this presentation, this author will present a partial overview of his own work with excised larynges, with relevance for the fields of bioacoustics and basic voice science. In particular, it will be shown that:

Elephants? voice production mechanism for infrasound vocalizations below 20 Hz conforms to the myo-elastic aerodynamic theory of voice production (MEAD). This physical principle thus extends across a remarkably large range of fundamental frequencies and body sizes in mammals, spanning more than four orders of magnitude. A method for visually and quantitatively assessing the regularity of vibrations of systems on the way to chaos is being presented. This method is applied to categorizing vibratory states of two excised red deer larynges on the bench, suggesting that irregular vibration increases glottal efficiency by about 3 dB, possibly giving the animals an energetic advantage during acoustic signalling.

The remainder of the talk is concerned with a critical evaluation of electroglottography (EGG), a low-cost non-invasive impedance measurement method for monitoring some oscillatory aspects of vocal fold vibration. The EGG waveform?s purported correspondence to the time-varying vocal fold contact area was investigated in an excised hemi-larynx experiment involving two high-speed video HSV cameras operating at 6000 fps, synchronized with EGG, and the results suggest a tolerable but not perfect agreement. Furthermore, an investigation of the coincidence of positive peaks in the derivative of the EGG waveform (dEGG) with incidents of glottal closure and opening, utilizing an excised larynx setup with synchronized ultra-HSV at 27000 fps was performed. Results show that dEGG peaks do not necessarily coincide with incidents of glottal closure and opening. Findings from these last two studies suggest that EGG should be interpreted and analyzed with care, and that further research is necessary to establish expected error margins.

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